READINGS – Books/Journals/Dissertations

Adams, Catherine L.
2010. Africanizing the Territory: The History, Memory, and Contemporary Imagination of Black Frontier Settlements in the Oklahoma Territory. Unpublished PhD Dissertation. Amherst, Massachusetts, University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Baker, T. Lindsay and Julie P. Baker, editors
1996. The WPA Oklahoma Slave Narratives. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.

Barrett, Charles F. 
1941. Oklahoma after Fifty Years: A History of the Sooner State and its People, 1889-1939. Oklahoma City, OK: The Historical Record Association.

Bittle, William E. and Gilbert L. Geis
1957. Racial Self-Fulfillment and the Rise of an All-Negro Community in Oklahoma. The Phylon Quarterly, 18 (3): 247-260.

Carney, George
1991. Historic Resources of Oklahoma’s All-Black Towns. Chronicles of Oklahoma 69 (2): 116-33.

Chang, Suzette
2016. “I Live in Boley, America:” Exploring a Contemporary Identity for African American Boley Residents. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Norman, Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma.

Cornwall, Willard J.
2013. Playing Between the Lines: An Examination of Negro League Baseball in Oklahoma, 1892 to 1965. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Tulsa, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University at Tulsa.

Crockett, Norman L.
1979. The Black Towns. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.

Cross, George L.
1975. Blacks in White Colleges: Oklahoma’s Landmark Cases. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma.

Franklin, Jimmie L.
1980. The Blacks in Oklahoma. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.

1980. Journey Toward Hope: A History of Blacks in Oklahoma.  Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.

Gray, Linda
1988. Taft: Town on the Black Frontier. Chronicles of Oklahoma 66 (4): 430-447.

Hamilton, Kenneth
1991. Black Towns and Profit: Promotion and Development in the Trans-Appalachian West, 1877-1915. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.

Hill, Mozell C.
1946. The All-Negro Communities of Oklahoma: The Natural History of a Social Movement. Journal of Negro History 31 (3): 254-268.

1946. A Comparative Analysis of the Social Organization of the All-Negro Society in Oklahoma. Social Forces 25 (1): 70-77.

Hill, Mozell C. and Thelma D. Ackiss
1943. Culture of a Contemporary All-Negro Community. Langston, OK: Langston University.

Humphrey, Charles A. and Donald E. Allen
1978. Educational and Social Needs in Small All-Black Towns. The Journal of Negro Education, 47(3): 244-255.

Jessee, Sharon
2006. The Contrapuntal Historiography of Toni Morrison’s Paradise: Unpacking the Legacies of the Kansas and Oklahoma All-Black Towns. American Studies,47(1): 81-112.

Johnson, Hannibal
2002. Acres of Aspiration: the All-Black Towns in Oklahoma. Austin, TX: Eakin Press.

Knight, Thomas
1975. Black Towns in Oklahoma: Their Development and Survival. Unpublished PhD Dissertation. Stillwater, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University.

Littlefield, Daniel and Underhill, Lonnie
1973. Black Dreams and ‘Free’ Homes: The Oklahoma Territory, 1891-1894.  Phylon 34(4): 313-22.

McAuley, William J.
1998. History, Race, and Attachment to Place among Elders in the Rural All-Black Towns of Oklahoma. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences53 (1): 35-45.

Myers, Leroy Jr.
2016. Land of the Fair God: The Development of Black Towns in Oklahoma, 1870-1910. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Norman, Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma.

Ragsdale, Rhonda M.
2005. A Place to Call Home: A Study of the Self-Segregated Community of Tatums, Oklahoma, 1894-1970. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Denton, Texas, University of North Texas.

Roberts, Myrna R.
2019. African American Cultural Identity Salience through the Communication Practices of Members of All-Black Towns in Oklahoma. Unpublished PhD Dissertation. Virginia Beach, VA. Regent University.

Shaw, James Sr. 
2012. Boley: Oklahoma’s Famous Black Town. Yes Publishing. Moore, Oklahoma

Slocum, Karla
2020. Black Towns and the Freedom to Breathe. Noema Magazine. June 11, 2020.

2020. Black Towns, Black Futures: The Enduring Allure of a Black Place in the American West. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

2020. Black Towns and the Civil War: Touring Battles of Race, Nation, and Place.Souls, 19(1): 59-74.

Stuckey, Melissa
2017. The Boley Carnival: A Juneteenth Like No Other. New Territory Magazine 5: 4-9.

2017. Boley, Indian Territory: Exercising Freedom in the All-Black Town. The Journal of African American History. 102 (4): 492-516.

2009. “All Men Up”: Race, Rights, and Power in the All-Black Town of Boley, Oklahoma, 1903-1939. Unpublished PhD Dissertation. New Haven, Connecticut, Yale University.

Teall, Kaye M.
1971. Black History in Oklahoma: A Resource Book. Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma City Public Schools.

Tolson, Arthur L.
1970. Black Towns of Oklahoma. The Black Scholar, 1(6): 18-22.